Less Education

• Lifelong learning
• Develop personal interests and hobbies
• Often engage in cognitive games/activities

Hearing loss

• Avoid using headphones
• Reduce environmental noise
• Use hearing aids/device
• Regular hearing tests

Traumatic brain injury

• No violent blow/joit to the head
• Fall prevention
• Stay alert to road/traffic condition
• No contact/strenuous sports, such as boxing, horse riding, etc.

Hypertension

• Keep systolic pressure at or below 130 mmHg
• Take cardiovascular prescription
• Increase physical activity or regular exercising
• Low sodium (salt) diet combined with "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension" (DASH)

Obesity

• Increase physical activity or regular exercising
• "3 Low 1 High" diet: low sugar, low salt, low oil and high fibre
• Cooking methods: primarily steaming, blanching, stir-frying in little oil, simmering in soup, and baking

Excessive alcohol consumption

• Replacing alcoholic drinks with water or tea
• Weekly alcoholic consumptions should keep under 21 alcohol units
• Alcohol unit reference1:

• 1 can (approx. 330 ml) of beer = 1.3 alcohol units
• 1 small glass (approx. 125 ml) of red wine = 1.2 alcohol units
• 1 bar glass (approx. 30 ml) of spirits = 1.2 alcohol units

Smoking

• Quit smoking as soon as possible
• Avoid exposure to second hand smoke

Depression

• Consult family doctors or specialist as soon as possible

Social isolation

• Encourage individuals who live alone to interact more with others
• Returning to work after retirement: E.g. part-time jobs
• Engagement in group/volunteer/family activities
• Arrange regular home visits

Physical inactivity

• Incorporate physical activities into daily routine (such as walking, climbing stairs, doing housework, etc.)
• Exercise with friends to encourage each other

Air pollution

• Avoid staying in areas with poor air quality
• Limit indoor incense burning or candle lighting
• Keep ventilated

Diabetes

• Regular blood glucose monitoring

• Fasting glucose level less than or equal to 5.6 mmol/L
• Blood glucose level below 7.8 mmol/L at 2 hours after meals

• Diabetes medication (including oral hypoglycemic medication and insulin injections)
• Diabetes medication (including oral hypoglycemic medication and insulin injections)
• Increase physical activity or regular exercising